They looked the picture of innocence. But behind the scenes of The Wizard of Oz, the actors playing the munchkins were said to be indulging in drunken orgies. Now Irvine Welsh has turned their story into a play – and sparked a storm
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What is the urinary tract?

The urinary tract or system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The key players in the system are the kidneys, a pair of purplish-brown organs located below the ribs toward the middle of the back. The kidneys remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine, keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood, and produce a hormone that aids the formation of red blood cells. Narrow tubes called ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, a triangle-shaped chamber in the lower abdomen. Urine is stored in the bladder and emptied through the urethra.
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TUESDAY, July 18 (HealthDay News) — A treatment that promotes the regrowth of injured spinal cord nerves has proven successful in rats, U.S. researchers report. A team at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore and the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor used an enzyme called sialidase — isolated from bacteria — to treat a group of rats with nerve injuries. Within four weeks, the treated rats had grown twice as many new nerve fibers as untreated rats with the same kind of injury.
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Multiple Sclerosis patients who receive a brief course of Mitoxantrone, and then Cupaxone, experience a reduced replase rate of 90%, according to a five-year study carried out at The Walton Centre for Neurology, Liverpool, UK. A further ten controlled studies are being launched at 10 centres in the UK. A reduced relapse rate of 90% means the difference between being bedridden and holding down a job and actively raising a family for many MS patients.
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Patients with recurring problems with the heart slowing or stopping after a neck injury damages their cervical spinal cord may need aggressive therapy to avoid further cardiovascular problems and even death, Medical College of Georgia researchers say.
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Transplanting human embryonic stem cells does not cause harm and can be used as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury, according to a recent study by UC Irvine researchers.
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Cognitive disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), various dementias, epilepsy, vascular disorders and traumatic brain injuries (TBI), exert a heavy burden on sufferers, their families, and on society. The possibility of neuropharmacologic rehabilitation of patients with such deficits is a challenge for clinicians and scientists. In a special issue of Behavioural Neurology, six articles survey the latest developments in pharmacologic treatment of selected clinical disorders.
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Researchers at the University of Michigan Medical School and Johns Hopkins University have developed a treatment that helps animals with traumatic spinal cord injuries grow new nerve fibers.
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Transplanting human embryonic stem cells does not cause harm and can be used as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury, according to a recent study by UC Irvine researchers.
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AUSTIN, Texas (AP) — A new high-tech version of the tooth fairy now exists, but some scientists are not ready to bite.
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In tests on rats, researchers at Johns Hopkins and the University of Michigan have developed a treatment that helps spinal cord nerves regrow after injury. The findings will be published in the July 18 issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The study has implications for treating people who may face amputation of an arm after a violent injury in which nerves are wrenched from the spinal cord. The new treatment currently is under study for other types of traumatic spinal cord injury.
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Transplanting human embryonic stem cells does not cause harm and can be used as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury, according to a recent study by UC Irvine researchers.
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